{"id":4000,"date":"2016-07-07T16:13:30","date_gmt":"2016-07-07T21:13:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kbicblog.com\/blog\/academic-medicine\/?p=4000"},"modified":"2016-10-06T13:48:35","modified_gmt":"2016-10-06T18:48:35","slug":"how-big-data-is-transforming-the-healthcare-sector","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kbicblog.com\/academic-medicine\/how-big-data-is-transforming-the-healthcare-sector\/","title":{"rendered":"How Big Data is Transforming the Healthcare Sector"},"content":{"rendered":"

Big Data will leave no sector untouched as it continues to change the way we think about everything from sales to human resources, and medicine and healthcare are no different.<\/p>\n

For years, the basis of most medical research and discovery has been the collection and analysis of data: who gets sick, how they get sick and why.<\/p>\n

But now, with sensors in every smartphone and doctors able to share information across disciplines, the quantity and quality of the data available is greater than ever before, which means that the potential for breakthroughs and change is growing just as exponentially.<\/p>\n

Prevention<\/h2>\n

We humans are notoriously terrible about preventing problems \u2014 we\u2019re much more motivated to treat them after they appear. But healthcare providers know that the old adage \u201can ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure\u201d is true.<\/p>\n

Smartphones and other popular smart devices including Jawbone, Fitbit and others, now have the capacity to help people track their progress towards a healthier lifestyle. Apps and devices to help track and monitor physical fitness but also chronic ailments like diabetes, Parkinson\u2019s and heart disease are also being developed.<\/p>\n

Researchers are beginning to compile this information into incredibly useful databases that could be game changers in understanding the intersection of lifestyle and disease. The problem with many medical studies is that patient behaviors are self-reported, and there\u2019s a well known psychological phenomenon wherein participants fudge their own data to make themselves look better.<\/p>\n

But with smartphones and other devices, the device can impartially record and transmit the actual data \u2014 steps walked, heart rate, etc. \u2014 and the patient\u2019s ego or opinions never enter into the equation providing more and more accurate data for researchers than ever before.<\/p>\n

Diagnosis<\/h2>\n

The next logical step, then is giving doctors access to this trove of patient information.<\/p>\n

The medical industry already collects a huge amount of data, but it\u2019s often siloed in individual doctors\u2019 offices, hospitals, and clinics. Unifying that data \u2014 and combining it with patient-collected data from smart devices \u2014 is the industry\u2019s next big hurdle to overcome.<\/p>\n

Healthcare providers are already focusing on digitizing patient records and ensuring access to one set of records across the healthcare system. \u00a0For example,\u00a0Kaiser Permanente has created a program called HealthConnect that unifies health records across its system, and the program is already credited with a $1 billion reduction in costs across the system.<\/p>\n

The Pittsburgh Health Data Alliance<\/a> aims to compile data from various sources (including medical and insurance records, wearable sensors, genetic data and even social media use) to draw a comprehensive picture of the patient as an individual, and then offer a tailored healthcare package. \u00a0I predict that more and more services like this will emerge in the future.<\/p>\n

In addition, programs like IBM\u2019s Watson are being applied as pattern recognition programs to diagnostics. \u00a0So far, algorithms with machine learning capabilities are proving as effective or more effective than human diagnosticians in spotting cancers in test results. The potential here is incredible for catching more diseases at earlier stages, and thus increasing the likelihood of treatment success.<\/p>\n

Treatment<\/h2>\n

Big Data also allows the fascinating intersection of huge quantities of patient data with personal, individualized care.<\/p>\n

IBM\u2019s Watson and other deep learning algorithms have already proven successful at \u201creading\u201d and analyzing huge quantities of text. IBM is working to produce an interface that would allow Watson (or a program like it) to analyze the existing medical research on any given topic and then synthesize and summaries the information for the doctor. The result is that the doctor will be able to make the best treatment choices for an individual patient based on the vast amounts of data available \u2014 without having to spend hours doing the research himself.<\/p>\n

It\u2019s likely that the medicines and treatments the doctor would then prescribe were also developed with the aid of Big Data. Data on applicants helps researchers choose the best subjects for clinical trials, and algorithms help them analyze the results. Recently, data-sharing arrangements between the pharmaceutical giants has led to breakthroughs such as the discovery that Desipramine, commonly used as an anti-depressant, has potential uses in curing types of lung cancer.<\/p>\n

In the near future, the doctor might also choose to use personalized medicine as a treatment option, which involves tailoring medicines to a person\u2019s unique genetic makeup<\/a>. It is developed by integrating a person\u2019s genetic blueprint and data on their lifestyle and environment, then comparing it alongside thousands of others to predict illness and determine the best treatment.<\/p>\n

Big Data is also being used to track, analyze and treat epidemics across the world, including Ebola<\/a> and Zika<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Follow Up Care<\/h2>\n

Data, deep learning, and robotics come together especially when it comes to follow-up, long-term care, and preventing relapses and readmissions.<\/p>\n

Big Data has been used to predict which patients are most likely to follow their doctor\u2019s advice \u2014 and which aren\u2019t \u2014 to help prevent hospital readmissions in the most vulnerable patients.<\/p>\n

Apps are being developed that can track when a patient takes his or her medication \u2014 like GPS enabled inhalers for asthmatics. Others record information about calls, texts, physical location, movement and sleep patterns that can help alert doctors or family members if the patient is likely feeling unwell (poor sleep, lack of movement) or even in danger of an anxiety or other psychological attack.<\/p>\n

Because of a rapidly aging population, the Japanese in particular are at the forefront of combining advanced robotics with caregiving and treatment. Robots can be used for everything from monitoring elderly patients who live alone, to helping doctors provide care from a distance to rural patients, to even robotic pets that help calm and soothe dementia and Alzheimer’s patients.<\/p>\n

The potential to improve patient outcomes, understand disease \u2014 even cure cancer<\/a> \u2014 all seem just around the corner with these advances in the quantity and quality of the data we collect along with the computing power to analyze and understand it.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Big Data will leave no sector untouched as it continues to change the way we think about everything from sales to human resources, and medicine and healthcare are no different. 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